Examination of the Operational Capacities and Challenges of Integrating Artificial Intelligence Technology into Different Stages of Criminal Proceedings
Keywords:
Artificial Intelligence, Criminal Proceedings, Judicial Decision-Making, Legal Challenges, Judicial TechnologyAbstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) technology has attracted considerable attention in judicial and legal domains in recent years. This technology possesses the potential to accelerate judicial processes and enhance accuracy within criminal proceedings. The present study was conducted with the aim of examining the operational capacities and identifying the challenges associated with integrating artificial intelligence across different stages of criminal adjudication. The research adopts a descriptive–analytical method and, through the review of scientific, judicial, and experiential sources, analyzes the opportunities and limitations related to the application of artificial intelligence in criminal justice processes. The findings indicate that artificial intelligence can play an effective role in data analysis, predictive assessment, and facilitating decision-making by judges and attorneys. However, significant challenges remain, including concerns related to privacy protection, data security, the risk of algorithmic errors, and public as well as judicial acceptance of decisions influenced by automated systems. Furthermore, in complex and sensitive cases, the role of human judges remains irreplaceable, and continuous human oversight over artificial intelligence systems is essential. Artificial intelligence may therefore be employed as an assistive tool within criminal proceedings, yet the complete replacement of human judicial reasoning is presently infeasible. Successful integration of this technology requires an appropriate legal framework, sustained human supervision, and specialized user training.
Downloads
References
1. Kaplina O, Tumanyants A, Krytska I, Verkhoglyad-Gerasymenko O. Application of Artificial Intelligence Systems in Criminal Procedure: Key Areas, Basic Legal Principles and Problems of Correlation with Fundamental Human Rights. Access to Justice in Eastern Europe. 2023;3(20):147-66.
2. Moazenzadegan H, Neyestanak A. Feasibility of investigator actions in the electronic trial process. 2023;87(123):267.
3. Hosseini A, Abdekhodaei Z, Sharifkhani M. Application of artificial intelligence in judicial proceedings: The challenge of transparency and its solutions. 2023;28(101):67.
4. Abuzari M, Barzegar M, Naderi Z. Feasibility of criminal responsibility for artificial intelligence-based weapons of war and the issue of impunity in the International Criminal Court. Journal of Modern Technology Law. 2023;4(8).
5. Combe G. Issues, Benefits and Risks in the Use of Artificial Intelligence and Its Algorithms in Access to Justice and Law Enforcement. Ethics, Integrity and Policymaking2022. p. 175-94.
6. Sheikhvand M, Kord Alivand R, Minaei B, Ashouri M, Mahdavi Sabet M. A comparative study of the facilitating application of artificial intelligence in criminal prosecution: Capacities and challenges. Quarterly Journal of Comparative Law Research. 2023;27(1):81-104.
7. Afsari Mardaq N, editor Analysis of the use of artificial intelligence in the realization of criminal justice and its challenges2023.
8. Sheikhvand M, Kord Alivand R, Minaei B, Ashouri M, Mahdavi Sabet M. Artificial intelligence and the issuance of criminal sentences: Decision-making or decision-support? Comparative Law Research. 2023;27(4):138-67.
9. Laukyte M, editor AI as a Legal Person2019.
10. Surden H. Artificial Intelligence and Law: An Overview. Stanford Law Review. 2019;35(4):105-6.
11. Sourdin T, Zariski A. The Responsive Judge: International Perspectives: Springer; 2018. 100-1 p.
12. Mostafavi Ardebili M, Taghizadeh Ansari M, Rahmatifar S. Functions and necessities of artificial intelligence from the perspective of fair trial. Journal of Modern Technology Law. 2021;3(6):60.
13. Bahadori Jahromi A, Alipour M. Legal principles and requirements governing legal technologies in judicial proceedings. 2022;86(117):175-200.
14. Jahangiri Darzeh Kanani M, editor The impact of technology and artificial intelligence on criminal law and the judicial process2023.
15. Marr B. Is artificial intelligence (A.I) dangerous and should we regulate it now? 2021.
16. Brookes T, Bazzana M. Automated Correspondence not Necessarily a 'Decision' which can be Relied on. 2018.
17. Bostrom N, Muller VC. The super intelligent will: motivation and instrumental rationality in advanced artificial agents. Theory and philosophy of AI2012. p. 71-85.
18. Hekmatnia M. Civil liability arising from the production of autonomous artificial intelligence-based robots. Islamic Law. 2019(60):251.
19. Chesterman S. Artificial Intelligence and Limits of Legal Personality. Journal of International and Comparative Law Quarterly. 2020;9(4):821.
20. Mirahmadi M, Omidi O. Application of artificial intelligence in foreign policy decision-making: Capacities and challenges. Strategic Research of Politics. 2024;13(50):259-300.
21. Mostafavi Ardebili M, Taghizadeh Ansari M, Rahmatifar S. Functions and requirements of artificial intelligence from the perspective of fair trial. Modern Technology Law. 2022;3(6):47-60.
22. Omohundro SM, editor The basic A.I drives-self-aware systems2008; Amsterdam: IOS Press.
23. Sadeghi S. Artificial intelligence in the criminal justice system: Future trends and possibilities. Legal Civilization Quarterly. 2023;6(18):91-102.
24. Bagaric M, Hunter D. Enhancing the Integrity of the Sentencing Process through the Use of Artificial Intelligence. Sentencing and Artificial Intelligence: Oxford University Press; 2022. p. 132-55.
25. Posner RA. How Judges Think. USA: Harvard University Press; 2008. 5 p.
26. Rasmussen. Algorithm- Based Sentencing and Discrimination. Sentencing and Artificial Intelligence: Oxford University Press; 2022. p. 80-102.
27. Crootof R. Cyborg Justice and the Risk of Technological-Legal Lock-In. Columbia Law Review. 2019;119(1):235.
28. Re R, Solow-Niederman A. Developing Artificially Intelligent Justice. Stanford Technology Law Review. 2019;22(2):276.
29. Asghari Aghmashadi F. Civil liability of the judge in Iranian law. Journal of Law and Political Science. 2007(7):35.
30. Haji Ali F. Civil liability of the judge from the perspective of Iranian law and the five schools of jurisprudence. Journal of Comparative Jurisprudence. 2013(1):131.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Nejat Alipour
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
