Studying the Role of Schools in Institutionalizing Cultural Self-Awareness Based on Cultural Heritage

Abstract

This study aimed to examine the role of schools in fostering and institutionalizing cultural self-awareness among students through cultural heritage education. This research used a mixed-methods design combining qualitative and quantitative approaches. In the qualitative phase, data were collected through documentary and library research based on interdisciplinary perspectives. In the quantitative phase, a descriptive-survey method was applied. The statistical population included high school students and teachers in Talesh County, Iran. Using Cochran’s formula, a sample of 120 students and 30 teachers was selected from six public schools representing high, middle, and low socioeconomic levels. Data were gathered using a 30-item questionnaire based on a five-point Likert scale. The instrument measured cultural awareness, sources of knowledge about cultural heritage, and the perceived role of schools and other institutions. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive and comparative statistical techniques. The findings showed that schools have a significant but moderate effect on cultural self-awareness. Media sources, especially the internet, social networks, and satellite programs, had a stronger influence on participants’ awareness. Significant differences were observed across socioeconomic groups, with students in middle-level areas demonstrating higher cultural self-awareness than those in higher or lower levels. National cultural elements had a stronger impact on identity and pride than local or religious elements, while global awareness was also evident. Overall, the results partially supported the research hypothesis. The study concludes that although schools play an important role in developing cultural self-awareness, their impact is limited without structured educational planning. Strengthening cooperation between educational institutions and cultural heritage organizations, integrating heritage content into curricula, and using modern communication tools can enhance students’ cultural awareness. Cultural self-awareness is a key factor in preserving cultural heritage and strengthening identity.