Labor Prosecutor: A Proposed Model for Optimal Labor Adjudication

Abstract

In the Iranian labor adjudication system, despite the growing importance of labor relations and their increasing legal complexity, the absence of a specialized institution such as a labor prosecutor has reduced efficiency, fairness, and effective protection of the rights of workers and employers. Achieving justice in the regulation of labor relations requires specialized and efficient institutions capable of providing balanced protection for the rights of both parties. The establishment of a labor prosecutor, as an advocate for workers’ interests and a supervisor of the proper implementation of labor laws, plays a fundamental role in preventing the violation of their rights and enhancing judicial integrity. Furthermore, by combining judicial and supervisory competencies, the labor prosecutor assumes a deterrent role against violations, while the design of transparent mechanisms for appointment and removal ensures institutional independence. Ultimately, the establishment of such an institution contributes to structural coherence within the judicial system and enhances the efficiency of labor adjudication processes. This article, adopting a descriptive–analytical approach, examines the necessity of such an institution, identifies existing gaps in the Iranian labor adjudication system, and proposes solutions for its institutionalization. The findings indicate that the creation of a specialized institution in labor adjudication can strengthen social justice, protect fundamental labor rights, increase public trust in the judicial system, and facilitate sustainable development in labor relations.