Indicators of Eco-Displacement in National Legal Systems
Keywords:
Eco-displacement, Environmental law, Legal frameworks, Displacement governance, Policy innovation, Environmental justice, Qualitative researchAbstract
This study aims to identify and analyze key indicators of eco-displacement within national legal systems, focusing on legal frameworks, socio-environmental impacts, governance, and policy innovations to enhance protections for displaced populations. A qualitative research design was employed using semi-structured interviews with 20 legal experts, policymakers, and scholars based in Tehran. Participants were selected purposively to capture diverse perspectives. Data collection continued until theoretical saturation was reached. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed thematically using NVivo software to identify core themes and subthemes related to legal indicators of eco-displacement. Four main themes emerged: (1) Legal Frameworks and Definitions, highlighting the need for clearer, harmonized legal definitions and gaps in national and international laws; (2) Socio-Environmental Impacts, emphasizing the multifaceted human and ecological consequences of eco-displacement, especially for vulnerable populations; (3) Governance and Enforcement, underscoring challenges related to institutional capacity, judicial responsiveness, transparency, and stakeholder participation; and (4) Policy and Legal Innovations, reflecting emerging adaptive legal mechanisms, rights-based approaches, restorative policies, and the importance of legal education. These themes illustrate both persistent challenges and promising pathways for improving legal responses to eco-displacement. Eco-displacement poses complex legal and socio-environmental challenges requiring comprehensive and adaptive national legal frameworks. Clarifying legal definitions, integrating socio-environmental considerations, strengthening governance, and promoting innovative, rights-based policies are critical for enhancing protection and justice for displaced populations. The findings provide a foundation for legal reform and policy development to address eco-displacement more effectively.
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