The Role of Tribal Ethos as the Focal Point of the Qur'anic Critique of the Followers of Hypocrites during the Prophetic Era in Yathrib
Keywords:
Hypocrisy in the Qur'an, Ethnic bigotry, Tribal culture, Worldview and conduct of hypocrites, Traditions of Asbāb al, Nuzūl (Occasions of Revelation)Abstract
Numerous verses in the Holy Qur'an critique hypocrites, with some specifically addressing the worldview and conduct of the hypocrites during the era of Revelation. A meticulous examination of the occasions of revelation (asbāb al-nuzūl) of these verses reveals that tribalism was one of the most fundamental factors contributing to the emergence and expansion of negative traits and behaviors among the followers of the hypocrites in Yathrib during the Prophetic era. Substantiating this premise is the primary objective of the present research, which is conducted using a descriptive-analytical method. The findings demonstrate that the tribal culture of the inhabitants of Yathrib partially restricted individual freedoms, compelling people to follow their tribal chiefs or elders. The Holy Qur'an, while critiquing the tribal leaders who embraced hypocrisy, simultaneously censures the ordinary people who blindly followed them. In the Qur'anic discourse, this dynamic constitutes the central axis of the critique directed at the followers of hypocrites.
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